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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: After the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate, the capital moved to Andalus, where the Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman I established a rival emirate.
When the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE, they massacred nearly the entire Umayyad family. However, one Umayyad prince, Abd al-Rahman I, escaped westward and eventually reached the Iberian Peninsula (Andalus), where he established an independent Umayyad Emirate in 756 CE with its capital at Cordoba. This is why the Umayyad capital effectively shifted to Andalus after the dynasty's fall in Damascus.
The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE) had its capital at Damascus under the rule of the Sufyanid and Marwanid branches. After the Abbasid Revolution, the Abbasids moved the capital to Baghdad. Meanwhile, the surviving Umayyad prince Abd al-Rahman I founded the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba in Andalus (Islamic Spain) in 756 CE, which later became a Caliphate under Abd al-Rahman III in 929 CE and lasted until 1031 CE.
