Who presented the idea of sedentary and nomadic societies, highlighting the concept of inevitable loss?

Explanation

Ibn Khaldun, a 14th-century Muslim historian and sociologist, introduced the theory of Asabiyyah (social cohesion) in his famous work Muqaddimah. He argued that nomadic societies possess strong group solidarity, which enables them to conquer and establish sedentary civilizations. However, over generations, the comforts of urban life weaken this bond, leading to moral decay and the inevitable collapse of that civilization, only to be replaced by another group with stronger Asabiyyah.

Good to know

Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406 CE) is often regarded as the father of modern sociology, historiography, and economics. His magnum opus, the Muqaddimah (Prolegomena), served as an introduction to his universal history Kitab al-Ibar. His cyclical theory of history, distinguishing between nomadic (badawi) and sedentary (hadari) societies, was groundbreaking and predated similar Western sociological theories by centuries.

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