PMS GK 2023 MCQs with Answers & Explanations

Explanation

Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, the first mechanical general-purpose computing machine, earning him the title. Ada Lovelace is credited with writing the first algorithm for his engine.

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Joule is the SI unit of energy, defined as the work done when a force of one newton moves through one metre. It is also equal to one watt-second of energy transfer.

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Europe is the only continent without a true desert, as its climate lacks the large arid regions found on other continents. It does have small semi-arid areas, but no hot desert like Australia’s Outback or North America’s Mojave.

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BCC stands for Blind Carbon Copy because recipients in this field receive the email without seeing other recipients’ addresses. Unlike CC, it keeps recipient identities private.

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Lal Bahadur Shastri was India’s Prime Minister during the 1965 war, having succeeded Jawaharlal Nehru in 1964. He coined the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kisan” during the conflict.

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World Ozone Day marks the September 16, 1987 signing of the Montreal Protocol, the landmark treaty to phase out ozone-depleting substances. It highlights global action to protect the stratospheric ozone layer.

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Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 after noticing that Penicillium mold inhibited bacterial growth. This accidental finding paved the way for the first widely used antibiotic.

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Waris Shah authored the Punjabi tragic romance Heer Ranjha in 1766, making it a classic of Sufi poetry. The work is often interpreted as an allegory of the soul’s longing for divine love.

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Marco Rubio became Secretary of State in January 2025 after Senate confirmation, succeeding Antony Blinken as the top U.S. diplomat.

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NATO was founded on 4 April 1949 when twelve countries signed the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington, D.C. It established a collective defense alliance against Soviet expansion. Its headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium.

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The Tashkent Declaration was signed on 10 January 1966 by India’s Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistan’s Ayub Khan, ending the 1965 war. Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin mediated the agreement.

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Pakistan shares its border with China along the Karakoram range in Gilgit-Baltistan, commonly cited as 599 km (sometimes 596 km). It runs from the Afghanistan-China-Pakistan tripoint to the India-China-Pakistan tripoint near the Siachen region.

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WTO was established on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, succeeding GATT, making D correct. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

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MS-Word opens new documents in Portrait orientation by default, meaning the page is taller than it is wide. Landscape orientation can be selected manually for a wider layout.

Explanation

Memory is temporary and loses data when power is off, whereas storage is permanent and retains data. RAM is the common temporary memory, while hard drives and SSDs provide permanent storage.

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Pakistan conducted its first census in 1951, four years after independence, covering both East and West Pakistan. It recorded a total population of around 33.7 million.

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Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin succeeded Muhammad Ali Jinnah as Governor-General after Jinnah’s death in 1948, making him the second holder of the office. He later also served as Pakistan’s second Prime Minister.

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RCD was founded on 21 July 1964 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey to strengthen economic and cultural cooperation. It was later renamed the Economic Cooperation Organization in 1985.

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Human Rights Day is observed on 10 December to mark the UN General Assembly’s adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. The declaration is the world’s most translated document.

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Zahid Hussain served as the first Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan from July 1948, overseeing its formative years. He had earlier helped establish the bank after partition.

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Diamond is an allotrope of carbon because it is composed solely of carbon atoms in a tetrahedral crystal lattice. Graphite and graphene are other carbon allotropes with different structures.

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Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy visited China in October 1956, becoming the first Pakistani Prime Minister to do so. This visit helped strengthen early diplomatic ties between Pakistan and China.

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Sui natural gas was discovered at Sui, Balochistan in 1952 by Pakistan Petroleum Limited, though commercial supply began in 1955. It remains one of Pakistan’s largest gas fields.

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Gutter margin adds extra space to the binding side of a page so text is not hidden by the fold or binding; it may apply to the left or top depending on page orientation.

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Lula da Silva assumed office as Brazil's president on January 1, 2023, after defeating incumbent Jair Bolsonaro in the 2022 runoff election. This is his third non-consecutive presidential term.

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ASEAN consists of ten member states, including Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Timor-Leste is an observer seeking full membership but has not yet joined.

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Virtue means moral excellence or righteousness, making Goodness its closest synonym. Vice and Evil are antonyms, while Appropriate is unrelated. The word virtue comes from the Latin virtus, meaning moral strength.

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Pakistan shares land borders with four countries: India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China. Its total border length is approximately 6,774 kilometres.

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Amir Uddin Kidwai designed the national flag of Pakistan, which was adopted in 1947. It was based on the All-India Muslim League flag, retaining its green field and crescent-and-star emblem.

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The UN adopted 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015 under the 2030 Agenda, succeeding the eight Millennium Development Goals. They address global issues including poverty, health, education, and climate action.

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NATO is an intergovernmental military alliance made up of sovereign states, so it is a state actor, not a non-state actor. The others are NGOs or a non-state armed group operating outside direct state control.

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Government College Lahore was founded in 1864, making it one of the oldest seats of higher learning in British India. MAO College Lahore and Islamia College Lahore were established later, in 1875-related and 1892 respectively.

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India’s 1974 Pokhran test was code-named “Smiling Buddha” because it was officially described as a peaceful nuclear explosion, not a weapons test. The name reflected India’s projected calm, benign intent despite demonstrating nuclear capability.

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WWE is owned by TKO Group Holdings, not Elon Musk, whereas Starlink, SpaceX, and Tesla are all Musk-led companies.

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Iran’s judiciary announced he was executed for spying on behalf of Britain’s Secret Intelligence Service, MI6. He was a former Iranian deputy defence minister with British-Iranian dual nationality.

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The Treaty of Amritsar was signed in 1846 between the British East India Company and Maharaja Gulab Singh, granting him Jammu and Kashmir after the First Anglo-Sikh War. It formalized the sale of Kashmir for 7.5 million rupees.

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John Adams served as the second U.S. president from 1797 to 1801, following George Washington. He was also the first vice president.

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Zakir Musa was killed in an encounter with Indian security forces in May 2019, making 2019 the correct year. He led the Kashmiri militant group Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind.

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The Sustainable Development Goals were adopted by all UN member states in September 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. They succeeded the Millennium Development Goals.

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ECO was founded in 1985 by Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey, succeeding the earlier Regional Cooperation for Development. It later expanded in 1992 to include seven new Central Asian and Caucasian members.

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Dr. Ahmad Sukarno was Indonesia’s first president, leading its independence movement and serving from 1945 to 1967. He was a key figure in the 1955 Bandung Conference.

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Tunku Abdul Rahman of Malaysia became the OIC’s first Secretary General in 1970, shortly after the organization was founded in 1969. He served until 1973.

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The Fred Hollows Foundation focuses on preventing and treating avoidable blindness, named after eye surgeon Fred Hollows. It works largely in underserved communities to restore sight through cataract surgery and eye health programs.

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India controls about 55 percent of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, including Jammu, the Kashmir Valley, and Ladakh; Pakistan and China hold the remaining portions.

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China administers Aksai Chin and the Shaksgam Valley, which together form about 15 percent of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, while India and Pakistan hold the larger shares.

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Barack Obama is the only one among them who never visited Pakistan during his presidency, while Eisenhower, Johnson, and Clinton all made official visits.

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Sir Walter Monckton was Minister of Labour and National Service in Winston Churchill's government from October 1951 until Churchill left office in 1955. He did not serve Napoleon or Alexander.

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Allama Shibli Naumani died on November 18, 1914, in Azamgarh, British India. He was a renowned Islamic scholar and historian associated with the Aligarh Movement.

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China attacked India in 1962 during the Sino-Indian War over disputed Himalayan border regions. The conflict ended with a unilateral Chinese ceasefire in November 1962.

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Pakistan's Constituent Assembly adopted the national flag on 11 August 1947, just three days before independence. It was designed by Amiruddin Kidwai, based on the All-India Muslim League flag.

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Junagarh’s Muslim Nawab, Muhammad Mahabat Khan III, signed accession to Pakistan on 15 August 1947 despite its Hindu-majority population. India later occupied Junagarh in November 1947, and Pakistan’s claim remained disputed.

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Four individuals held the office of Governor-General of Pakistan between 1947 and 1956: Jinnah, Nazimuddin, Ghulam Muhammad, and Iskander Mirza. The office ended when Pakistan became a republic in 1956.

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Croatia adopted the euro on 1 January 2023, replacing its national currency, the kuna, and becoming the 20th member of the euro area.

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Mullah Haibat Ullah Akhunzada has led the Taliban as supreme leader since 2016, after succeeding Mullah Akhtar Mansour, and retained that position following the 2021 takeover of Afghanistan.

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Multiplying both sides by the reciprocal 5/2 gives y = (-54/25)(5/2), which simplifies to -270/50 = -27/5. Option B is correct.

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True discount is interest on the present worth, so present worth = 1760 - 160 = 1600. Using 160 = 1600 × 12% × time gives time = 5/6 year, or 10 months.

Explanation

Let last year incomes be 3x, 4x, and 5x. Current incomes are 15x/4, 6x, and 20x/3; their sum 197x/12 equals 98500, giving x=6000, so A's current income is 15(6000)/4 = 22500.

Explanation

Iftikhar Arif authored the Urdu poetry collection Mehr-e-Do Neem, a celebrated work reflecting themes of love and exile. He has also received the Hilal-e-Imtiaz for his literary contributions.

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Shahr-e-Sukhan Aarasta Hai is a poetry collection by Ahmad Faraz, the renowned Urdu poet known for his romantic and revolutionary ghazals.

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Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi was a renowned poet, short story writer, and columnist, but he did not write novels. His literary fame rests chiefly on his Urdu short stories and poetry.

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Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA, so they are known as the cell’s protein factories. They occur free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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Butter and margarine are colloids because they consist of water droplets dispersed throughout a continuous fat phase, forming a water-in-oil emulsion. Mayonnaise is a similar edible colloid.

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Bakelite is a thermosetting plastic with very high electrical resistance, so it prevents current flow and is classified as an insulator. It is commonly used to make electrical switches, plug casings, and handles for cookware.

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Tsunami destructiveness is gauged mainly by wave height and run-up, since taller waves deliver greater energy and flood farther inland. Near coastlines, tsunami height can increase dramatically as the wave slows in shallow water.

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Hemoglobin is a globular protein with hydrophilic amino acids on its surface, allowing it to dissolve in water-based fluids like blood. It is not soluble in nonpolar solvents such as benzene or alcohol.

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Lactose is a disaccharide made of glucose and galactose, whereas glyceraldehyde, fructose, and glucose are all single sugar units. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller sugars.

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Carbon dioxide traps outgoing infrared radiation as a greenhouse gas, helping maintain Earth's atmospheric temperature, while nitrogen and oxygen do not significantly absorb heat. This greenhouse effect keeps the planet warm enough to support life.

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Brine freezing is the oldest method because it relies on ancient salt-ice mixtures to lower temperature, long before mechanical contact or flash freezing were developed. Salt brine depresses water’s freezing point, enabling faster, colder preservation.

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Quartz is composed of silicon dioxide, so its chemical formula is SiO2. Each silicon atom bonds with two oxygen atoms in a continuous framework of SiO4 tetrahedra.

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Brass contains copper, which reacts with hydrogen sulphide in air to form dark copper sulphide, causing discolouration. This tarnishing is accelerated in polluted or humid environments.

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Fruits such as watermelon and strawberries often exceed 90% water, generally surpassing most vegetables and sauces in average moisture content. This high water content makes them refreshing and hydrating.

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MS Word opens new documents in Print Layout by default because it shows the page as it will appear when printed, including margins and spacing. Draft view is another option that hides page boundaries for faster text editing.

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Pasteurization requires heating milk to a specific temperature for a set duration, so both factors are essential to kill pathogens without spoiling taste. Common methods include 72°C for 15 seconds or 63°C for 30 minutes.

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Lapse rate is the term for the drop in atmospheric temperature with altitude, averaging about 6.5°C per kilometer in the troposphere.

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Optical storage uses laser light to read and write data on discs like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray, unlike cloud or paper storage.

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PowerPoint’s Slide Layout panel includes four default text layouts: Title Slide, Title Only, Title and Text, and Title and 2-Column Text. Additional layouts appear under content and other categories.

Explanation

Clipart consists of pre-made illustrations and images you can insert directly into MS Word documents. WordArt creates stylized text and AutoShapes are drawn vector shapes, not ready-made pictures.

Explanation

A cyclone is defined by winds spiraling inward around a low-pressure center, making it the general term. Hurricanes are a type of cyclone, while tornadoes are smaller, more localized vortices.

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Shamshad Ahmed, a former foreign secretary, authored this book examining Pakistan’s diplomatic challenges. He served as Pakistan’s foreign secretary from 1997 to 2000.

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J.J. Thomson identified the electron in 1897 through cathode ray experiments, showing these particles were negatively charged and much lighter than atoms. He later proposed the plum pudding model of atomic structure.

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Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine in 1796, using cowpox to protect against smallpox. The word vaccine comes from the Latin “vacca,” meaning cow.

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Pakistan’s National Constitution Day is observed on April 10 because the National Assembly approved the 1973 Constitution on that date. It was later enforced on August 14, 1973.

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Liz Truss served as Prime Minister from September to October 2022, immediately before Rishi Sunak took office. She resigned after just 45 days, making her the shortest-serving prime minister in UK history.

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Jahangir’s tomb is located at Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Pakistan, making him the Mughal emperor buried there. Babur, Humayun, and Akbar are buried in Kabul, Delhi, and Agra respectively.

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Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan died on 10 October 2021 in Islamabad and was buried at the H-8 cemetery with a state funeral.

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Lord Mountbatten served as the last Viceroy of British India and then became the first Governor-General of independent India in 1947. Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal.

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Queen Elizabeth II died at Balmoral Castle on 8 September 2022, ending her 70-year reign. Her eldest son automatically became King Charles III.

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Nancy Pelosi, then Speaker of the US House of Representatives, visited Taiwan in August 2022, making her the highest-ranking US official to do so in 25 years.

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Amnesty International campaigns worldwide to protect human rights, including freeing prisoners of conscience and opposing torture. It was founded in 1961 and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977.

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Muhammad bin Salman became Saudi Arabia’s Prime Minister in September 2022, a role traditionally held by the king, as part of a transfer of executive duties from King Salman to his heir.

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India conducted its first nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha, on 18 May 1974 at Pokhran, making 1974 the correct year. This made India the first nuclear-weapon state outside the five permanent UN Security Council members.

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Abdulrazak Gurnah won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature for his uncompromising and compassionate portrayal of colonialism’s effects and the refugee experience. He is a Tanzanian-born British novelist.

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Bahawalpur was the first princely state to accede to Pakistan in October 1947, soon after independence. Its ruler, Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan V, signed the instrument of accession before other states joined.

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Ayesha Jalal authored The Sole Spokesman, a study of Jinnah’s strategy and the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan. First published in 1985, it remains a key work in South Asian history.

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President Ayub Khan laid the foundation stone of Quaid-e-Azam’s Mausoleum in Karachi on 31 July 1960. The mausoleum was completed in 1970 and designed by architect Yahya Merchant.

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Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, spelled here as Zekerburg, along with his Harvard roommates in 2004. It launched originally as a campus-only network before expanding worldwide.

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Bangladesh is not part of ASEAN because it lies in South Asia, while Brunei, Indonesia, and the Philippines are Southeast Asian member states. ASEAN currently has ten member countries.

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Myanmar is not a SAARC member; the eight members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Myanmar holds observer status along with countries like China and Japan.

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India won the 1983 Cricket World Cup by defeating the West Indies by 43 runs in the final at Lord’s, claiming their first world title.

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Pakistan placed 108th out of 137 countries in the 2023 World Happiness Report, matching option D. Finland remained the world’s happiest country for the sixth consecutive year.