PMS GK 2026 (Morning) MCQs with Answers & Explanations

Explanation

The Pacific Ocean spans roughly 63 million square miles, exceeding all other oceans and even all land combined. It also holds the deepest point on Earth, the Mariana Trench.

Explanation

The State Bank of Pakistan reduced its policy rate to 11.5 percent to support economic activity as inflation eased. This is the benchmark rate at which SBP lends to commercial banks.

Explanation

Laszlo Krasznahorkai received the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature for his visionary, labyrinthine prose that explores human fragility and resistance. He is the first Hungarian laureate since Imre Kertesz in 2002.

Explanation

Amino acids link into chains that fold into proteins, so they are the basic building blocks of protein. Nucleic acids are built from nucleotides, not amino acids.

Explanation

The Radcliffe Line, named after Sir Cyril Radcliffe, demarcated the 1947 partition of British India into Pakistan and India, dividing Punjab and Bengal. It is often misspelled as Redcliff Line.

Explanation

Python is the most common AI language today due to its simple syntax and extensive machine learning libraries such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Although LISP was historically used, Python now dominates modern AI development.

Explanation

Generative AI was the most widely used mode in 2025 because it powered mainstream tools for text, image, video, and code creation across consumer and enterprise applications. Its rapid adoption followed advances in large language models and multimodal systems.

Explanation

Brazil hosted COP30 in Belém in November 2025, making it the first UN climate summit held in the Amazon region.

Explanation

Justice Ayesha Malik became the first female judge of Pakistan’s Supreme Court upon her elevation in January 2022. Justice Syeda Tahira Safdar was earlier the first woman chief justice of a high court.

Explanation

Afghanistan opposed Pakistan’s UN membership in 1947 due to its claim over Pashtun territories and the Durand Line border dispute. It was the only country to vote against Pakistan’s admission.

Explanation

Zohran Mamdani won the November 2025 New York City mayoral election, becoming the city's first Muslim mayor, and took his oath of office on the Quran.

Explanation

The Three Gorges Dam is built across the Yangtze River, China’s longest river, enabling its massive hydroelectric capacity. It is located in Hubei province and has an installed capacity of 22,500 megawatts.

Explanation

Carnivores are animals that eat only other animals, while herbivores eat plants and omnivores eat both plants and animals. Insectivores specifically eat insects, making carnivore the correct broader term.

Explanation

Alghoza is a traditional pair of wooden flutes widely played in Pakistan’s Sindh and Punjab regions, unlike the piano. It is commonly used in folk music, often accompanied by the dhol.

Explanation

Cross multiplying 1:x = 5:11 gives 5x = 11, so x = 11/5 = 2.2. Ratios express proportional relationships where the product of means equals the product of extremes.

Explanation

99 squared equals 9801, so its square root is 99. A quick check: 100 squared would be 10000, making 9801 just below that.

Explanation

Tensile strength measures a material's ability to withstand being pulled apart, so bone's tensile strength is its resistance to stretching. Bone is stronger in compression than tension, making it more likely to fail under pulling forces.

Explanation

Meat is rich in complete protein and widely eaten in Pakistani dishes like karahi and kebabs, unlike rice or bread, which are mainly carbohydrates. Lentils and legumes are another key plant-based protein source in the diet.

Explanation

The Cold War officially ended in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved, removing the ideological rival that had opposed the United States since 1945. This collapse ended the decades-long bipolar standoff between communism and capitalism.

Explanation

Gaganyaan is India’s planned crewed orbital spacecraft mission, developed by ISRO; its Sanskrit name combines “gagana” (sky) and “yana” (vehicle).

Explanation

Sameer Minhas scored 172 runs in that Under-19 match, anchoring Pakistan’s big total and leading the 191-run win over India.

Explanation

The ratio 9:8 means the new price is 9/8 of the original, so 800,000 × 9/8 = 900,000. Thus the increased price is $900,000.

Explanation

Pakistan hosted the October 2024 SCO Heads of Government meeting in Islamabad while holding the rotating chairmanship of the Council of Heads of Government. This was Pakistan’s first time hosting an SCO summit since joining in 2017.

Explanation

Ray Tomlinson sent the first networked email in 1971 and introduced the @ symbol to separate user names from host machines. Tim Berners-Lee invented the web, not email.

Explanation

Under Article 239, a constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds majority of the total membership of both the National Assembly and the Senate. Amendments altering provincial boundaries also need consent of the affected provincial assemblies.

Explanation

Prabowo Subianto became Indonesia’s president on October 20, 2024, after winning the February 2024 election. He succeeded Joko Widodo, who had served the maximum two terms.

Explanation

Dasu Dam is being constructed on the Indus River in the Upper Kohistan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is a major hydropower project with a planned capacity of 4,320 megawatts.

Explanation

3D printing builds objects layer by layer, adding material only where needed, which defines additive manufacturing rather than cutting away or molding. This method reduces waste compared to subtractive techniques.

Explanation

Christiaan Huygens proposed in 1678 that light travels as waves, explaining reflection and refraction through his wavefront principle. This challenged Newton’s corpuscular theory and later influenced Fresnel and Maxwell.

Explanation

Covalent bonds form when atoms share electron pairs, creating a strong attraction that holds them together. This sharing makes covalent compounds like diamond exceptionally hard and stable.

Explanation

Bulgaria is not in South America; it is located in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula. Argentina, Chile, and Colombia are all South American countries.

Explanation

OS-2 was developed by IBM, initially with Microsoft, for personal computers. Windows and DOS are Microsoft products, while UNIX originated at Bell Labs.

Explanation

It takes roughly two million flowers to produce one pound of honey, so none of the listed figures match. Bees also fly about 55,000 miles to gather that much nectar.

Explanation

Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River because its annual floods deposited fertile silt, enabling agriculture in an otherwise arid region. The Nile, often called the world's longest river, was also vital for transport and trade.

Explanation

A militant attack on tourists in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir in April 2025 killed dozens, and India accused Pakistan-linked militants, sharply escalating bilateral tensions. Pakistan denied involvement while both sides exchanged diplomatic and military threats.

Explanation

Shahzaib Rind defeated Luis Rocha to claim the Karate Combat Lightweight Championship in 2025, making him the first Pakistani to hold a major KC title.

Explanation

Navid Arkam and Sajid Akram are both Muslim lifeguards associated with Bondi Beach, featured in Bondi Rescue; Ali Khan is not. Therefore both a and b are correct.

Explanation

Teri Yaad, released in 1948, was Pakistan’s first Urdu feature film, marking the start of the country’s film industry after independence. It premiered in Lahore.

Explanation

The rivalry began with the 1947 Partition, which divided British India into two states amid communal violence and left unresolved disputes over territory and assets. The Kashmir conflict emerged immediately afterward as a core point of contention.

Explanation

The World Bank announced a $20 billion Country Partnership Framework for Pakistan in 2025, making it the largest such package in the country’s history. It spans ten years and focuses on human capital, climate resilience, and economic growth.

Explanation

Pakistan agreed to export carbon credits under the Paris Agreement, which allows international carbon trading under Article 6. This framework enables countries to sell emission reductions to help others meet climate targets.

Explanation

Collagen fibers form the bone’s structural framework, providing tensile strength and resistance to stress. Bone’s organic matrix is roughly 90% collagen by mass.

Explanation

Amir Khan is a British-Pakistani professional boxer who won a silver medal at the 2004 Olympics and later held world titles in the light-welterweight division.

Explanation

Infiltration is the process by which water enters the soil surface, while percolation refers to its downward movement through soil layers.

Explanation

A climax community is the final, stable stage of ecological succession, where species composition remains relatively unchanged until a disturbance occurs. Pioneer communities and seral stages are earlier transitional phases in succession.

Explanation

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement governs voluntary international cooperation through carbon markets, so Pakistan’s approval aligns with this provision. It enables countries to trade mitigation outcomes to meet climate targets.

Explanation

China has land borders with 14 countries, the most of any nation, and also includes Hong Kong and Macau as two Special Administrative Regions.

Explanation

Sohail Mehmood, a former Pakistani foreign secretary, was appointed Secretary General of the D8, the Developing Eight economic cooperation organization.

Explanation

The UN General Assembly designated 2026 as the International Year of Rangelands and Pastoralists to highlight their role in food security and ecosystem health. Rangelands cover over half of Earth’s land surface.

Explanation

PIMEC Expo 2025 centered on Pakistan’s maritime sector, displaying naval vessels, weapons, and defense technology. It serves as a key platform for international maritime collaboration and security partnerships.

Explanation

The 27th Amendment established a Federal Constitutional Court to exclusively hear constitutional matters, separating that role from the Supreme Court. It continues Pakistan’s recent judicial restructuring following the 26th Amendment.

Explanation

Pelé was born in Três Corações, Brazil, and spent most of his club career at Santos, representing the Brazilian national team. He won the FIFA World Cup with Brazil in 1958, 1962, and 1970.

Explanation

Noam Chomsky is a linguist who revolutionized the field with his theory of universal grammar and generative grammar. He is also widely known as a political activist and critic of media and U.S. foreign policy.

Explanation

Antonio Guterres is Portuguese; he served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002 before becoming UN Secretary-General in 2017.

Explanation

Mark Zuckerberg (misspelled as M.zeekerburg) founded Facebook in 2004 while at Harvard. He launched it from his dorm room, initially limiting membership to Harvard students before expanding globally.

Explanation

The 24th SCO Heads of State Council meeting was held in Astana, Kazakhstan, on 4 July 2024. At that summit, Belarus was admitted as a full member.

Explanation

The 2024 IMF package for Pakistan is a 37-month Extended Fund Facility, designed to support long-term economic reforms and balance-of-payments stability. It amounts to about $7 billion.

Explanation

UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan visited Pakistan on 26 December 2025 for bilateral talks, making option C correct. The visit focused on boosting economic cooperation and investment.

Explanation

Javed Miandad represented Pakistan in the 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1992, and 1996 Cricket World Cups, making him the only Pakistani to appear in six consecutive editions.

Explanation

Peripheral immune tolerance involves mechanisms that prevent self-reactive immune cells from causing autoimmunity, which the 2025 prize honored. This complements central tolerance established in the thymus.

Explanation

Luminosity is the total power a star radiates into space per second, measured in watts, unlike brightness or flux which depend on distance. It reflects the star's intrinsic energy output.

Explanation

Franz Kafka wrote influential novels and short stories such as The Metamorphosis and The Trial, making him a major 20th-century literary figure. His work often explored alienation and absurd bureaucracy.

Explanation

Estuaries form where freshwater rivers meet the salty ocean, creating a mix known as brackish water. This zone has intermediate salinity and supports unique species adapted to fluctuating salt levels.

Explanation

Dul Hasti Stage II is located on the Chenab River in Jammu and Kashmir, utilizing its steep gradient for hydroelectric power generation. The Chenab is one of the major Indus Basin rivers.

Explanation

P waves are compressional and travel through solids, liquids, and gases, making them faster than S waves, which are shear waves that only move through solids. This is why P waves arrive first at seismic stations.

Explanation

Water is a non-carbon raw material in photosynthesis, supplying electrons and hydrogen for glucose synthesis while releasing oxygen. Carbon dioxide provides the carbon, whereas glucose and starch are products, not raw materials.

Explanation

In beta minus decay, a neutron becomes a proton while emitting an electron and an antineutrino, so antineutrino is the listed particle emitted.

Explanation

Pakistan’s first indigenous electro-optical satellite, PakTES-1A, was launched aboard a Chinese Long March rocket from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in 2018, making China the launch country.

Explanation

Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce ATP, the energy currency cells use to power activities. This process occurs mainly in mitochondria and requires oxygen in aerobic organisms.

Explanation

Phosphate bonds, especially in ATP, store and release energy when broken, driving cellular activities. ATP is the primary energy currency of cells.

Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by high blood glucose due to defective insulin production or action. Hypertension, tuberculosis, and asthma do not primarily involve elevated blood sugar. Type 1 and Type 2 are its most common forms.

Explanation

Shehbaz Sharif remained Prime Minister in December 2025, having assumed office after the February 2024 general elections as leader of a PML-N-led coalition. He previously served as Prime Minister from 2022 to 2023.

Explanation

Noble gases have full valence electron shells, making them stable and chemically inert, so no chemical bonding occurs between their atoms. They exist as monatomic gases, with only very weak van der Waals forces at extremely low temperatures.

Explanation

Beta decay occurs when a neutron converts into a proton, emitting a high-energy electron called a beta particle. An antineutrino is also released along with the electron.

Explanation

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, meaning they consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. During combustion, these elements react with oxygen to release energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

Explanation

LPG mainly consists of propane and butane, which become liquid under moderate pressure, while methane is the primary component of natural gas.

Explanation

Air naturally flows from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind as it balances atmospheric pressure differences. The greater the pressure gradient, the stronger the resulting wind.

Explanation

A comet moves fastest at perihelion, when it is nearest the Sun, because the Sun’s gravitational pull is strongest there, in line with Kepler’s second law of planetary motion.

Explanation

The Sun generates energy through nuclear fusion, where hydrogen nuclei combine under extreme pressure and temperature to form helium, releasing vast amounts of energy. This fusion process powers all the sunlight and heat reaching Earth.

Explanation

It is held in July when summer weather makes the high-altitude Shandur Pass accessible, featuring polo at the world’s highest polo ground.

Explanation

Combining ratios gives x:y:z = 15:20:32. Substituting, 2y/(3x - y + 2z) = 40/(45 - 20 + 64) = 40/89. This uses equivalent ratios scaled to a common y value.

Explanation

The submandible lies near the temporomandibular joint, which is located just in front of the ear, making the ear the closest listed landmark.

Explanation

A comet moves fastest at perihelion because it is closest to the Sun, where solar gravity is strongest; Kepler’s second law dictates higher orbital speed near the Sun.

Explanation

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms, grouping together to form plant and animal tissues. In fact, the cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells.

Explanation

CPEC Phase-II, also called CPEC 2.0, refers to the post-2025 phase focusing on industrial cooperation, agriculture, and socio-economic development rather than early infrastructure.

Explanation

China holds the rotating SCO presidency in 2025 and selected Tianjin as the host city for the summit. Tianjin is a major port municipality near Beijing, often used for high-level diplomatic events.

Explanation

Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission in 1938, the key principle behind atomic bombs, though he did not invent the bomb itself; the Manhattan Project later built the first ones.

Explanation

Ctrl+; inserts the current date as a static value in Excel. Related fact: Ctrl+Shift+; inserts the current time.

Explanation

Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, leaving tiny spaces between grains that allow them to absorb fluids, making them porous. This porosity is why many aquifers and oil reservoirs are found in sedimentary rock.

Explanation

Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and yields a net gain of two ATP molecules per glucose, so it is not the same as fermentation and does produce ATP.

Explanation

Glucose is a simple sugar and the most basic form of carbohydrate, serving as a primary energy source for cells. It is a monosaccharide, meaning it cannot be broken down into simpler sugars.

Explanation

Acid rain forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with atmospheric water, producing sulfuric and nitric acids. Oxalic acid is not a major component. These pollutants mainly come from fossil fuel combustion.

Explanation

Israel conducted “Operation Rising Lion” against Iran in June 2025, making option B correct. The name reflects Israeli military strikes on Iranian targets, while “Operation True Promise” was Iran’s earlier retaliation against Israel.

Explanation

In glycolysis, 2 ATP are consumed in the energy-investment phase and 4 ATP are produced, giving a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule. It occurs in the cytoplasm and needs no oxygen.

Explanation

Biogas is produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic waste and consists mainly of methane, typically 50 to 70 percent. Carbon dioxide is the second major component.

Explanation

Burning trees and fossil fuels combusts their carbon content with oxygen, producing carbon dioxide as the primary gas. This releases large amounts of CO2, a major greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.

Explanation

Tale of Two Cities is set in London and Paris before and during the French Revolution, depicting the era’s social upheaval and violence. Its famous opening line contrasts the period’s extremes of hope and despair.

Explanation

Microsoft Word was first released in 1983 as Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems before being renamed for MS-DOS and Windows.

Explanation

XML is short for Extensible Markup Language, a flexible text format designed to store and transport data using custom tags. It became a W3C recommendation in 1998.

Explanation

Pakistan won its first ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup in 2004 by defeating West Indies in the final. This triumph made Pakistan the second team after India to claim the youth title.