How many types of Nafs are mentioned in the Quran?

Explanation

The Quran categorizes the human soul (Nafs) into three distinct stages or types based on its spiritual condition. Nafs-e-Ammarah is the soul that inclines toward evil and base desires, as mentioned in Surah Yusuf (12:53). Nafs-e-Lawwamah is the self-reproaching soul that feels guilt after sinning, referenced in Surah Al-Qiyamah (75:2). Nafs-e-Mutmainnah is the highest stage, the tranquil and contented soul that is at peace with its Lord, called upon in Surah Al-Fajr (89:27-28).

Good to know

The concept of Nafs in Islamic spirituality is central to the science of Tazkiyah (purification of the soul). Scholars of Tasawwuf have elaborated extensively on these three Quranic categories, describing them as progressive stages of spiritual development. The struggle against Nafs-e-Ammarah is considered the greater Jihad (Jihad al-Nafs) by many Islamic scholars, emphasizing that self-purification is a fundamental duty of every believer.

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