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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem) was conquered in 637 AD during the Caliphate of Umar (R.A).
Baitul Muqaddas was conquered in 637 AD (16 AH) during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (R.A). The conquest came after the decisive Battle of Yarmouk in 636 AD, which broke Byzantine power in Syria. Following a siege, the Christian Patriarch Sophronius surrendered the city on the condition that Caliph Umar himself come to receive the keys, which he did, traveling from Madina with a single servant. This event marked one of the most peaceful transitions of a holy city in history, and Umar (R.A) guaranteed the safety of Christian inhabitants and their places of worship through the famous Covenant of Umar.
Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem) is the third holiest site in Islam after Makkah and Madina, housing the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock. The conquest occurred under the command of Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (R.A), the commander-in-chief of the Muslim forces in Syria. Upon entering the city, Caliph Umar (R.A) was offered to pray inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre but declined, fearing that future Muslims might convert it into a mosque. Instead, he prayed outside, and the Mosque of Umar was later built at that spot.
