In which year of Hijra was the Charter of Medina established?

Explanation

The Charter of Medina, also known as Meesaq-e-Madina, was the first written constitution in Islamic history, drafted shortly after the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) migration to Madina. It established a unified community (Ummah) comprising Muslims, Jews, and other tribes of Madina, defining their mutual rights, duties, and collective defense obligations. This landmark document laid the foundation for a pluralistic Islamic state governed by the rule of law.

Good to know

Upon arriving in Madina in the 1st year of Hijra (622 CE), the Prophet (PBUH) immediately undertook measures to consolidate the nascent Muslim community. The Charter of Medina was a historic agreement that recognized the Prophet (PBUH) as the final arbiter in disputes and guaranteed religious freedom to all signatory tribes. It is widely regarded by historians as a pioneering constitutional document that ensured peaceful coexistence in a multi-faith society.

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