What was the first written constitution (First Tehriri Dastoor) of the world?

Explanation

Meesaq-e-Madina, also known as the Charter of Medina, was a formal agreement drafted by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) after the Hijrah to Madina. It established the rights and duties of all citizens, including Muslims, Jews, and other tribes, creating a unified state based on mutual cooperation and religious freedom. This document is recognized by historians and legal scholars as the world's first written constitution, predating the Magna Carta by several centuries.

Good to know

The Charter of Medina was drafted in the first year of Hijrah (622 CE) and consisted of 47 to 53 clauses depending on different narrations. It outlined the framework for a pluralistic society where all groups were guaranteed religious autonomy, collective defense obligations, and the Prophet (PBUH) was recognized as the final arbiter in disputes. The document effectively transformed the city of Yathrib into the first Islamic state called Madina al-Nabi.

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