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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: The first written constitution in the world is Meesaq-e-Madina (the Charter of Medina).
Meesaq-e-Madina, also known as the Charter or Constitution of Medina, was a formal agreement drafted by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) shortly after the Hijrah to Madina. It established the rights and duties of all citizens—including Muslims, Jews, and other tribes—creating a unified, multi-religious state based on mutual cooperation and defense. This document is recognized by many historians and legal scholars as the world's first written constitution because it codified governance principles, religious freedom, and collective security in written form centuries before the Magna Carta.
The Charter of Medina consisted of 47 to 53 clauses (depending on the narration) and was signed in the first year of Hijrah (622 CE). It declared the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the final arbiter in disputes and bound the signatory tribes—including the Jewish tribes of Banu Qaynuqa, Banu Nadir, and Banu Qurayza—to a common defense pact. The document is a landmark in constitutional history for its emphasis on pluralism, rule of law, and collective responsibility.
