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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: The capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate until its fall in 1258 CE was Baghdad.
The Abbasid Caliphate established Baghdad as its capital in 762 CE under Caliph Al-Mansur, who founded the city on the banks of the Tigris River. Baghdad became a flourishing center of learning, culture, and trade during the Islamic Golden Age, housing the famous Bayt al-Hikma (House of Wisdom). The city remained the seat of Abbasid power until 1258 CE when it was sacked by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan, marking the effective end of the Abbasid Caliphate.
Before Baghdad, the Abbasids briefly used Kufa as their first capital after overthrowing the Umayyads in 750 CE. The Umayyad capital had been Damascus, while Cairo later became the seat of the Fatimid Caliphate. The fall of Baghdad to the Mongols in 1258 CE is considered one of the most devastating events in Islamic history, bringing an end to over five centuries of Abbasid rule.
