Asked in PPSC, FPSC and other one-paper exams (compiled from unofficial resources).
Timed quizzes, instant results, track your progress — free
Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: The Abbasid Caliphate was ended in 1258 by the Mongols under Hulagu Khan, who sacked Baghdad and executed the last Abbasid Caliph, Al-Musta'sim.
The Mongol invasion of Baghdad in 1258 marked one of the most devastating events in Islamic history. Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, laid siege to Baghdad for about two weeks before the city fell. The Mongols destroyed the city, including the famous House of Wisdom (Bayt al-Hikma), and killed Caliph Al-Musta'sim, effectively bringing the Abbasid Caliphate to an end after more than 500 years of rule. This event is often seen as the end of the Islamic Golden Age.
The Abbasid Caliphate, founded in 750 CE after overthrowing the Umayyads, ruled from Baghdad for over five centuries. By the time of the Mongol invasion, the Abbasids had already been politically weakened, with real power held by the Buyids and later the Seljuks, while the Caliph remained a symbolic figurehead. After the fall of Baghdad, a surviving Abbasid prince was taken to Cairo where a ceremonial Abbasid line continued under Mamluk protection, but with no real political authority.
