Which speech is known as the first Charter of Human Rights in Islamic history?

Explanation

The Farewell Sermon (Khutba-Hajjat-ul-Vida) was delivered by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, 10 AH, at Mount Arafat. In this historic address, the Prophet (PBUH) laid down fundamental principles of human rights including equality of all humans regardless of race or ethnicity, sanctity of life and property, rights of women, prohibition of usury (riba), and the importance of justice. Due to its comprehensive articulation of basic human rights centuries before modern charters, it is widely regarded as the first written charter of human rights in history.

Good to know

The Farewell Sermon was delivered to approximately 124,000 companions who had gathered for the Farewell Hajj. The sermon is preserved in various Hadith collections including Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari. Key declarations included: "All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black nor a black has any superiority over a white except by piety and good action." The sermon also marked the completion of the revelation of Islam, after which the verse "This day I have perfected for you your religion..." (Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:3) was revealed.

Related MCQs

• In which Hijri year did the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) perform his last Hajj, known as Hajja tul Wida?
• Where did Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) deliver his Farewell Sermon?
• In which year did the Holy Prophet (SAW) perform Hajjatul-Wada?
• During which prayer did the change of Qibla occur?
• In which Hijri year was the Qibla changed from Jerusalem to Kaaba?
• What is considered the first written constitution in the world?
• How many Articles were included in the Charter of Madina?
• What was the first written constitution (First Tehriri Dastoor) of the world?