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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: Mustafa Kamal Pasha abolished the Ottoman Khilafat in 1924.
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, abolished the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924, as part of his secularization reforms. This ended a 1,300-year institution that had been held by the Ottoman sultans since 1517. The abolition was a major turning point in Islamic political history, prompting movements across the Muslim world — including the Khilafat Movement in British India — to attempt its revival.
After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the Sultanate was abolished in 1922, but the Caliphate was retained briefly under Abdul Mejid II as a purely spiritual office. Mustafa Kemal Pasha abolished even this symbolic Caliphate in 1924, exiling the last Caliph and his family. This event deeply impacted Muslims worldwide and fueled the Khilafat Movement in the Indian subcontinent led by Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali.
