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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: The last ruler of the Ottoman Empire was Abdul Majeed II, who served only as Caliph (1922–1924) after the Sultanate was abolished.
Abdul Majeed II was the last Ottoman Caliph, reigning from 1922 to 1924. The Ottoman Sultanate was abolished in 1922 by the Turkish Grand National Assembly under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, and Mehmed VI (the last Sultan) was exiled. Abdul Majeed II was then elected as Caliph by the Assembly but held only spiritual authority, not political power. The Caliphate itself was finally abolished in 1924, marking the end of the Ottoman dynasty's 600-year rule.
The Ottoman Empire was founded around 1299 by Osman I and lasted over six centuries. Mehmed VI (Wahiduddin) was the 36th and last Ottoman Sultan, who was deposed and exiled in 1922. Abdul Majeed II, his cousin, was then appointed as Caliph only, making him the last Ottoman ruler in any capacity. The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed in 1923, and the Caliphate was abolished on March 3, 1924, after which all members of the Ottoman dynasty were expelled from Turkey.
