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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: The institution of the Caliphate was abolished by Mustafa Kamal Ataturk in 1924.
Mustafa Kamal Ataturk, the founder of modern Turkey, abolished the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924, as part of his sweeping secular reforms. The last Ottoman Sultan and Caliph, Abdul Majid II, was deposed and exiled. This marked the end of a 1,300-year-old institution that had been held by various dynasties including the Umayyads, Abbasids, and Ottomans.
The Ottoman Caliphate had been the seat of Islamic leadership since Sultan Selim I assumed the title in 1517 after the conquest of Egypt. Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Ataturk established the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and abolished the Caliphate the following year. The abolition sent shockwaves through the Muslim world and led to various movements, including the Khilafat Movement in British India.
