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Practice these MCQs in the appQuick fact: The Khilafat was abolished in 1924 by Mustafa Kamal Pasha (Ataturk), the founder of modern Turkey.
Mustafa Kamal Pasha, also known as Ataturk, abolished the Ottoman Caliphate on March 3, 1924, as part of his sweeping secular reforms to modernize Turkey. The Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law abolishing the institution of Khilafat, ending a system that had existed since the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A). The last Caliph, Sultan Abdul Majid II, was deposed and exiled along with the Ottoman royal family. This event had a profound impact on Muslims worldwide, including the Indian subcontinent where the Khilafat Movement had sought to preserve the Caliphate.
The Ottoman Caliphate had been the seat of Islamic Khilafat since the 16th century when Sultan Selim I conquered Egypt and acquired the title of Caliph. After World War I and the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, the Sultanate was first abolished in 1922, separating the political and religious roles. Two years later in 1924, Mustafa Kamal Pasha completely abolished the Caliphate itself, marking the end of the last widely recognized Islamic Caliphate. This abolition triggered discussions across the Muslim world about restoring the Khilafat, including the notable Khilafat Movement in British India led by the Ali brothers and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
